Dinâmica do uso do solo e alterações na vazão na bacia do Rio São Francisco no início do Séc. XXI
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes occurred in the land use of São Francisco river basin (BHRSF), and the their influence in the observed streamflows, for the period from 2001 to 2013. In order to identify changes in land use and land cover, images from MODIS satellite - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer plataform were used through a code developed in the DINAMICA EGO software. The generated product presents informations about the quantification of changes in terms of area and the identification of the type and the location of the occured transitions. To analyze the trend in streamflow behavior, 18 fluviometric stations belonging to the national hydrometeorological network, operated by ANA, were used. The Mann-Kendall statistical test was applied and the results demonstrate some significant land cover transitions such as: "Forest to Savanna", "Woody Savanna to Savanna" and "Cropland to Savanna". It was also observed in 11 of the 18 fluviometric stations studied, a trend of decreasing streamflow over the years. This result may be explained by the extend irrigation activity performed in the basin. The transitions “Savanna to Cropland” and “Woody Savanna to Cropland” are assossiated to high levels of water use, which are responsible for the decrease of water supply in the São Francisco river basin, and therefore in the streamflows.
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