HARD WATER SATURATION INDEX IN NORTHERN MINAS GERAIS BY PHREEQC AND LANGELIER
Keywords:
calcium, magnesium, modeling, well, riverAbstract
Accessible groundwaters ensures the source of water at appropriate quality standards due to surface water scarcity, especially in north of Minas Gerais-Brazil. The problems faced using groundwater in different ways (human consumption, mining, transport, food industry, irrigation, among others) are possibly related to salinization, alkalinization and precipitation, depending on the chemical composition of these waters. Generally, this leads to soil solidification, health problems related to the consumption of unsuitable water, in addition, to obstruction or corrosion of pipes and equipment. Hydrogeochemical modeling is used to monitor the chemical composition and physical-chemical characteristics of aqueous systems. The PHREEQC software simulates chemical reactions and predicts supersaturation conditions which indicates the possibility of the formation of low-solubility salts in aqueous systems, through calculations of chemical equilibrium constants. Another method that allows calculating the saturation index of an aqueous system is using the Langelier equation (LSI). Therefore, this study aims to calculate and classify the hardness of groundwater and surface water in the Janaúba and Jaíba regions, as well as estimate the respective supersaturation conditions for carbonate salts using PHREEQC and the Langelier equation. The results obtained indicated the water in the wells studied present high hardness and surface waters were classified as moderated. According to the modeling, the groundwaters are supersaturated with CaCO3 and CaMgCO3. Therefore, there is a tendency for these salts to precipitate. Samples from the Gorutuba River and Lagoa Grande River showed negative saturation indices indicating the impossibility of crystallization of carbonate salts. This trend may be related to the shorter contact time of surface water with karst rocks than groundwaters. The calculated and modeled calcite saturation indices showed agreement in the results of all samples from wells and rivers studied. In this way, it indicates consistent applicability of using the PHREEQC software, in the context of this work.
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