ATRAZINE, 2,4-D AND CARBENDAZIM: OCCURRENCE IN FRESHWATER AND REMOVAL EFICIENCY IN WATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN A CITY IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL
Abstract
The aim of this study is to detect and measure the levels of the pesticides atrazine, 2,4-D, and carbendazim in two Water Treatment Plants (WTP) that supply water to a metropolitan region in northeast Brazil. Additionally, the study aims to assess the removal efficiency of these substances in the WTPs. Three samples were collected at both inlet (raw surface water) and outlet (drinking water) of WTP1 and WTP2. The target compounds were extracted using solid phase extraction (SPE), and the analysis was done using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The method was validated by determining linearity, recovery, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. In the raw water at the WTP1, the maximum concentrations of atrazine, 2,4-D, and carbendazim were 86,00 ng L-1, 171.94 ng L-1, and 730.89 ng L-1, respectively. In the treated water, the concentrations were 15.70 ng L-1, 8.10 ng L-1, and 31.96 ng L-1 for atrazine, 2,4-D, and carbendazim, respectively. However, none of the pesticides detected exceeded the limits set by CONAMA 357/2005 for raw surface waters and Brazilian Ministry of Health Ordinance 888/2021 for drinking water. None of the three contaminants were detected at the inlet or outlet of the WTP2.
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